Best Magnesium Glycinate Supplements (2026 Ranked)

Key takeaways

• Dose is the most important variable. Most clinical research on magnesium and sleep uses 200-400mg of elemental magnesium per day. Many popular brands provide 100-120mg per capsule, requiring multiple capsules to reach that range. Always check the elemental magnesium figure, not the compound weight.
• Form determines how much actually reaches your bloodstream. Glycinate (also labelled bisglycinate) absorbs far better than oxide or carbonate, the two most common forms in budget supermarket supplements. Citrate absorbs reasonably well but carries a stronger laxative effect at higher doses.
• Third-party testing matters for purity, not efficacy. NSF and USP certifications confirm label accuracy and absence of contaminants. They do not rank one brand as more effective than another.
• Single-ingredient formulas are easier to evaluate. Multi-ingredient sleep blends make it difficult to attribute any benefit to magnesium specifically, and may include melatonin at doses that affect circadian rhythm with prolonged use.
• SleepStack supplies 275mg elemental magnesium as bisglycinate per serving, matching the dose range used in sleep research, with a 30-night money-back guarantee.

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Which magnesium glycinate is actually worth buying?

Not all magnesium glycinate products are the same. The name covers a wide range of doses, formulation quality, and third-party testing standards. The difference between 120mg and 275mg of elemental magnesium per serving is not trivial when the research uses 200-400mg.

The short answer: the best magnesium glycinate supplement is one that delivers a clinically relevant dose of elemental magnesium in pure bisglycinate form, with transparent labelling and no unnecessary additives. For most people researching this for sleep or low-level anxiety, those criteria narrow the field considerably.

Here are the top picks before the full breakdown.

Prices are approximate at time of writing. Check current retail listings before purchasing.

A few observations from the table. BIOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough belongs to a different product category: it combines seven forms of magnesium with the goal of broad tissue repletion rather than targeted sleep support from a single clean dose. It is a legitimate product, but comparing it to a bisglycinate-only supplement is similar to comparing a multivitamin to a standalone vitamin D capsule. They serve different intentions.

Pure Encapsulations doses at 120mg per capsule, which means reaching 240-360mg requires two to three capsules per day. That is fine as a practical matter, but worth understanding before buying so the label does not mislead on cost-per-dose.

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How magnesium glycinate works

Magnesium participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. For sleep and nervous system function, three mechanisms are most relevant.

NMDA receptor modulation

Magnesium acts as a natural blocker of NMDA receptors, a class of glutamate receptor involved in neuronal excitation (Abbasi et al., 2012, PMID 23853635). By reducing over-activity at these receptors, magnesium helps shift the nervous system toward a calmer state. This is one reason why low magnesium is associated with heightened stress reactivity and difficulty winding down before sleep.

GABA pathway support

Magnesium acts as a natural GABA agonist, binding to GABA receptors and potentiating their effect (Abbasi et al., 2012, PMID 23853635). GABA is the central nervous system's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter — the same system targeted by prescription sleep medications such as benzodiazepines, though magnesium works through a different, far gentler pathway with no dependency risk.

Glycine's contribution

The glycinate form delivers magnesium chelated to two molecules of glycine. Bannai & Kawai (2012, PMID 22293292) reviewed research showing glycine is itself a calming amino acid that lowers core body temperature via peripheral vasodilation — a natural physiological precursor to sleep onset. When you take magnesium glycinate, you are getting both the mineral and the amino acid working in parallel.

Why glycinate absorbs better than oxide

Chelation binds magnesium to an organic molecule, allowing it to travel through the intestinal wall via amino acid transport pathways rather than relying solely on passive diffusion. Ranade & Somberg (2001, PMID 11550076) classified magnesium oxide's bioavailability as "extremely low" and grouped chelated organic salts like glycinate among the better-absorbed forms. Schuette et al. (1994, PMID 7815675) compared the two head to head in patients with ileal resection and found glycinate delivered roughly twice the bioavailable magnesium of oxide.

What this means practically: an elemental dose of magnesium bisglycinate delivers substantially more usable magnesium than an equivalent dose of magnesium oxide. This is why dose comparisons between products must focus on elemental magnesium and form, not total compound weight on the label.

Dietary shortfalls are common

Large dietary surveys (NIH Office of Dietary Supplements) suggest a significant proportion of adults in developed countries do not meet recommended magnesium intakes from food alone, driven largely by diets heavy in processed foods and light on leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and whole grains. Chronic stress also increases urinary magnesium excretion, creating a feedback loop where stress depletes the mineral that would otherwise help buffer it.

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The research in detail

Magnesium and primary insomnia in older adults

The most frequently cited randomised controlled trial on magnesium supplementation for sleep is Abbasi et al. (2012), published in the Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (PMID: 23853635). The trial enrolled 46 elderly subjects with primary insomnia and randomised them to 500mg elemental magnesium (administered as magnesium oxide) or placebo daily for eight weeks. The magnesium group showed statistically significant improvements in insomnia severity (p<0.001), sleep efficiency (p=0.03), and sleep onset latency (p=0.02), with a marginal improvement in early morning awakening (p=0.08). Total sleep time did not change significantly (p=0.37). Serum melatonin rose (p=0.007) and serum cortisol fell (p=0.008) relative to placebo.

Two limitations are worth noting. The population was elderly (mean age approximately 65), and older adults have both higher rates of magnesium deficiency and different sleep architecture than younger adults. Extrapolating directly to a 35-year-old with stress-related sleep disruption requires some caution. The dose used (500mg) was also higher than most commercial supplements provide per serving, and the form was oxide rather than the bisglycinate most commonly sold today.

Magnesium and subjective anxiety

Boyle, Lawton, and Dye (2017), published in Nutrients (PMID: 28445426; DOI: 10.3390/nu9050429), conducted a systematic review of 18 intervention studies examining magnesium supplementation and anxiety outcomes in adults recruited for anxiety vulnerability — mild-to-moderate anxiety, PMS, postpartum, or mild hypertension. Results were mixed: 4 of 8 studies in anxious samples, 4 of 7 in PMS samples, and 1 of 2 in hypertensive samples reported positive effects on subjective anxiety. The authors noted that no study used a validated subjective stress measure and that the overall quality of existing evidence is poor, calling for well-designed RCTs to confirm efficacy.

The reviewers described the mechanistic relationship between magnesium and the stress response: magnesium modulates HPA-axis activity and can attenuate both ACTH and cortisol responses. Chronic stress can raise cortisol, which increases renal magnesium excretion, potentially creating a feedback loop. Supplementation may help interrupt this cycle, but it is not a substitute for addressing underlying causes.

Sleep EEG changes and magnesium

Held et al. (2002), published in Pharmacopsychiatry (PMID: 12163983), ran a placebo-controlled crossover trial in 12 healthy older adults (age 60-80) using polysomnography. Over 20 days at the active dose (magnesium administered as oxide, up to ~720mg elemental/day), magnesium significantly increased slow-wave sleep (16.5 vs 10.1 minutes, p≤0.05), increased delta and sigma EEG power, and reduced serum cortisol during the first half of the night (p<0.01). This is a smaller, industry-funded trial (Hermes Arzneimittel) that carries less weight than the Abbasi RCT, but it provides mechanistic support for magnesium's role in sleep architecture beyond just sleep latency.

What the evidence does not show

Current research does not support using magnesium glycinate as a treatment for diagnosed sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders, or severe chronic insomnia. The studies above involve populations with mild-to-moderate sleep disruption or magnesium insufficiency, not clinical diagnoses. Persistent or severe sleep problems warrant a conversation with a doctor rather than a supplement purchase.

The evidence also does not establish that higher doses within the 200-400mg range are proportionally more effective than lower doses. The research clusters around that window, and going substantially above the US Institute of Medicine's tolerable upper intake level of 350mg from supplements increases the risk of gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhoea.

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The top magnesium glycinate supplements: full breakdown

Ranking criteria

Each product was evaluated on five criteria: elemental magnesium dose per serving, form purity (pure glycinate or bisglycinate versus mixed or low-grade forms), third-party testing status, value for money at the correct dose, and label transparency (no proprietary blends, no undisclosed additives).

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1. SleepStack Magnesium Bisglycinate

Dose: 275mg elemental (3 capsules) | Form: Bisglycinate | Price: $29.99/month ($23.99 on subscription) | Guarantee: 30 nights

The core argument for SleepStack is that the dose sits squarely within the range used in clinical sleep research without requiring any capsule arithmetic. The formula is single-ingredient, and the label is fully transparent: rice flour, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide as processing aids, delivered in a plant-based capsule. No melatonin, no proprietary blend, no hormones.

For sleep-focused supplementation, single-ingredient design matters in a practical way. If you take a multi-ingredient sleep blend and either experience something unexpected or notice no improvement, you cannot identify which variable was responsible. A clean bisglycinate formula removes that ambiguity.

The 30-night money-back guarantee removes most of the purchase risk for first-time buyers. The absence of NSF or USP product-level certification is a genuine gap for those who prioritise third-party verification; a fully declared label reduces the practical concern for most, but it is worth noting.

Best for: Sleep-focused supplementation, single-ingredient clarity, first-time buyers wanting a risk-free trial.

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2. Thorne Magnesium Bisglycinate

Dose: 200mg elemental (1 scoop) | Form: Bisglycinate, powder | Price: ~$26/month ($52 for 60 servings) | Testing: NSF Certified for Sport

Thorne is a practitioner-trusted brand with a strong reputation in clinical nutrition. NSF Certified for Sport means the product has been independently tested for label accuracy and for nearly 300 substances banned by major athletic organisations. For anyone in a tested sport, or anyone who places high value on independent verification, this is the most credible certification standard on this list.

Worth knowing: Thorne's Magnesium Bisglycinate comes as a powder (6.5 oz jar, 60 servings at 1 scoop each), not capsules. You mix one scoop with water. This may be a pro or con depending on your preference — some people find powder more flexible for dose adjustment, others prefer the convenience of capsules.

The 200mg dose per serving sits at the lower end of the research-used range. It is not an ineffective dose, but those following higher-end evidence (300-400mg) would need two scoops. Cost-per-dose at the target range is competitive with mid-tier options.

Best for: Third-party certification priority, athletes in tested sports, clinical nutrition settings.

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3. Pure Encapsulations Magnesium Glycinate

Dose: 120mg per capsule (manufacturer suggests 1–4 capsules daily with meals) | Form: Glycinate | Price: ~$27 for 90-capsule bottle | Testing: Hypoallergenic formulation; NSF/USP not confirmed on public product page

Pure Encapsulations has built strong credibility in the functional medicine and practitioner community for its hypoallergenic, minimal-excipient formulas. The product is vegan, gluten-free, non-GMO, and free from most common allergens. NSF or USP certification is not advertised on the public product page, so it doesn't qualify as third-party-verified in the same way Thorne or Nature Made do.

The 120mg per capsule dose means reaching 240-360mg of elemental magnesium requires two to three capsules per day. At 2 capsules/day the 90-capsule bottle lasts 45 days ($18/month); at 3 capsules/day it lasts 30 days ($27/month). The per-milligram cost is competitive once you factor in the actual serving you need. This is the strongest choice for people with multiple food sensitivities or those whose practitioner has specifically recommended this brand.

Best for: Allergen-sensitive individuals, practitioner-directed use, those prioritising a hypoallergenic formula.

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4. Nature Made Magnesium Glycinate

Dose: 200mg elemental per serving (2 capsules of 100mg each) | Form: Glycinate | Price: ~$12–22/month (varies by retailer — Amazon ~$12.49, brand site ~$21.99) | Testing: USP Verified

Nature Made is USP Verified, meaning independent testing has confirmed label accuracy and absence of harmful contaminants at the product level. Pricing varies significantly: around $12.49 on Amazon, around $21.99 direct from naturemade.com. Either way, it offers an accessible entry point for a verified glycinate product at a dose within the research range.

The label is not as ultra-minimal as Thorne or Pure Encapsulations, but for a budget-conscious buyer who specifically wants independent verification, it is a strong option. The 200mg dose is meaningful without being as high as the clinical upper range.

Best for: Budget-conscious buyers who want USP-verified label accuracy.

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5. NOW Foods Magnesium Glycinate

Dose: 200mg elemental per serving (2 tablets of 100mg each) | Form: Glycinate | Price: ~$18/month | Testing: NPA A-rated GMP certified facility

NOW Foods manufactures in an NPA A-rated GMP-certified facility and offers competitive pricing. Each serving is two 100mg-elemental tablets, for 200mg total per day. The brand has a long track record in the supplement industry. It does not carry NSF or USP product-level certification, which places it a step below Thorne or Nature Made on the verification hierarchy — GMP facility auditing confirms manufacturing practices, not final-product label accuracy.

Best for: Budget buyers comfortable with GMP facility standards rather than product-level third-party testing.

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6. Doctor's Best High Absorption Magnesium Glycinate

Dose: 200mg per serving (2 tablets of 100mg each) | Form: Magnesium lysinate-glycinate chelate (Albion TRAACS) | Price: ~$12-15/month | Testing: No product-level NSF/USP

Doctor's Best uses Albion's patented TRAACS magnesium lysinate-glycinate chelate rather than pure bisglycinate — the magnesium is bound to a mix of glycine and lysine. This is a well-respected chelate technology and not a concern from a quality standpoint. The 200mg dose at two tablets is a reasonable serving, and cost-per-dose is among the lowest on this list.

Label accuracy has not been independently verified at the product level (no NSF or USP certification). For the price, it represents solid value for buyers who are not prioritising third-party certification.

Best for: Cost-focused buyers who are comfortable without third-party product-level certification.

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7. BIOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough

Dose: 500mg elemental across seven forms per serving | Form: Chelate (bisglycinate), malate, citrate, orotate, sucrosomial, taurate | Price: ~$35/month | Testing: Informed Sport Certified (batch tested for prohibited substances) | Guarantee: 365-day money-back

BIOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough is a fundamentally different product. It combines seven forms of magnesium under the rationale that different forms absorb into different tissues. Whether tissue-specific delivery genuinely requires multiple concurrent forms is not well established in the peer-reviewed literature, and the evidence base for sleep specifically uses single-form glycinate or oxide, not blended formulas.

For someone researching the best magnesium glycinate for sleep, this is not the most targeted option. You are paying for formulation breadth rather than a focused dose of one well-absorbed form. The product has genuine advocates, and the 365-day satisfaction guarantee is generous. Informed Sport Certified status means every batch is tested free of prohibited substances — a strong quality signal. It is better categorised as a comprehensive magnesium repletion supplement than a sleep-targeted glycinate product.

Best for: Broad magnesium repletion, those already getting sleep-focused benefits from glycinate and wanting to explore multi-form supplementation.

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Who should take magnesium glycinate?

Good candidates

People with stress-related sleep disruption. If you fall asleep without difficulty but wake in the early hours, or notice your sleep quality worsens during high-stress periods, research suggests magnesium's role in NMDA modulation and GABA support may be relevant (PMID: 23853635). This is one of the patterns most frequently described by users in supplement communities, often characterised as feeling "calm but not sedated" or noticing they stop waking at 3am.

People with low dietary magnesium intake. Individuals who eat few green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, or wholegrains are more likely to have suboptimal magnesium intake. Supplementation tends to produce a more noticeable effect when it is correcting an actual deficiency rather than topping up already adequate levels.

Those experiencing muscle cramps, twitching, or restless legs at night. Magnesium plays a direct role in muscle relaxation. Some people find that nighttime cramping or restless legs, which fragment sleep indirectly, respond to glycinate supplementation. Consult a doctor if the symptom is severe or persistent, as other causes exist.

People who want to avoid melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone with a role in circadian signalling. Commercial products commonly sell it at 5-10mg — 10-30 times the body's natural nocturnal peak — and many people prefer to avoid routine high-dose exogenous hormone supplementation when they don't have a circadian timing problem. Magnesium glycinate is a mineral that supports the body's own melatonin synthesis rather than replacing it.

Who should be cautious or consult a doctor first

People with kidney disease. The kidneys regulate magnesium excretion. In kidney disease, supplemental magnesium can accumulate to unsafe levels. This is a firm contraindication without medical supervision.

Those on certain medications. Magnesium can reduce the absorption of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and of bisphosphonates used for osteoporosis — these should be taken at least 2 hours before or 4–6 hours after a magnesium supplement. Loop and thiazide diuretics can also increase urinary magnesium loss, while potassium-sparing diuretics reduce magnesium excretion (NIH ODS Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals). Check with a pharmacist before adding any supplement to an existing medication regimen.

Those with diagnosed sleep disorders. Sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disorders, periodic limb movement disorder, and severe clinical insomnia have their own treatment pathways. Magnesium glycinate is not a substitute for those treatments. Persistent sleep problems that significantly affect daily functioning warrant evaluation by a doctor or sleep specialist.

Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals. Magnesium needs change during pregnancy, and supplementing without clinical guidance can be counterproductive. Discuss magnesium supplementation with your obstetrician before starting.

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How to choose the right magnesium glycinate

Four questions cover most purchasing decisions.

1. What dose do you need? The research on sleep uses 200-400mg of elemental magnesium per day. If a label shows 120mg per capsule and you want 300mg, you need three capsules. Calculate this before buying to understand the real cost-per-dose and the number of capsules you will take nightly.

2. Is the form pure bisglycinate? Bisglycinate and glycinate refer to the same compound. Both labels are appropriate. Avoid products where magnesium glycinate is blended with oxide or carbonate as a cost-saving filler, since this significantly reduces the effective absorbed dose even if total compound weight looks high.

3. Do you need third-party certification? NSF and USP certification provide independent label accuracy and contaminant testing. This matters most for athletes subject to drug testing, people with known sensitivities or specific health conditions, and anyone for whom label accuracy is a firm requirement. For most general users, it is a quality signal rather than a strict necessity.

4. What else is in the formula? Single-ingredient products are the easiest to evaluate and the easiest to attribute any effect to. If a formula includes melatonin, valerian, L-theanine, or other active ingredients, any improvement you notice cannot be attributed to magnesium alone.

SleepStack is a clean match for buyers who want dose accuracy (275mg bisglycinate), a single-ingredient formula with no additives, and a 30-night money-back guarantee that removes the risk of trying it for the first time. For those who specifically require NSF or USP product-level verification, Thorne and Nature Made are the stronger choices at 200mg doses. For the tightest budget, Doctor's Best and Nature Made both provide 200mg glycinate at under $15 per month.

The right choice depends on what matters most to you. None of these options is wrong for the right buyer.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between magnesium glycinate and magnesium bisglycinate?

They are the same compound. Bisglycinate is the technically precise name, indicating that the magnesium is chelated with two glycine molecules. Glycinate is the commonly used shorthand. Either term on a product label refers to the same form and the same absorption pathway.

How much magnesium glycinate should I take for sleep?

The clinical trials on magnesium and sleep quality have primarily used 200-400mg of elemental magnesium per day. A starting dose of 200mg is appropriate for most adults, with some research using up to 500mg in elderly subjects (PMID: 23853635). The NIH Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental magnesium in adults is 350mg per day, set to reduce GI side effects rather than as a toxicity ceiling. UK NHS guidance notes that 400mg or less per day is unlikely to cause harm. Always check the elemental magnesium figure on the label, not the total compound weight of the salt.

When should I take magnesium glycinate?

Most people take it 30-60 minutes before bed, which aligns with the calming effect on the nervous system. There is no strong evidence that timing is critical to overall efficacy, but evening dosing is the conventional approach for sleep-focused use and the protocol most often used in research trials.

How long does magnesium glycinate take to work for sleep?

Some people notice a calming effect within the first few nights. For others, improvements to sleep quality accumulate over two to four weeks as tissue magnesium levels are restored. If there is no noticeable effect after four weeks at a clinically relevant dose, it is worth considering whether magnesium deficiency was the underlying issue, or whether other factors are contributing to your sleep disruption.

Is magnesium glycinate safe to take every night?

Research studies typically run four to twelve weeks of daily supplementation without reported safety concerns in healthy adults. Magnesium glycinate is generally well tolerated because the glycinate chelation reduces the laxative effect associated with citrate and oxide forms. Long-term daily use at doses within recommended ranges appears to be safe for healthy adults, though anyone with kidney disease or complex health conditions should consult a doctor before sustained supplementation.

Which magnesium is best for tirzepatide users?

Tirzepatide (the active ingredient in Mounjaro and Zepbound) affects gastrointestinal function, which may influence magnesium absorption. Nausea and reduced food intake on tirzepatide can also lower dietary magnesium intake. Magnesium glycinate is the most commonly suggested form for people on GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 agonists because its gentler gastrointestinal profile avoids compounding digestive side effects. Any supplementation while on tirzepatide should be discussed with the prescribing doctor, as these medications interact with multiple physiological pathways.

Can I take magnesium glycinate with MTHFR?

The MTHFR gene variant affects methylation and folate metabolism, not magnesium metabolism directly. Magnesium glycinate is not contraindicated for MTHFR variants, and there is no evidence it interferes with methylation pathways. Some practitioners working with MTHFR patients include magnesium glycinate as part of a broader protocol, given magnesium's involvement in over 300 enzymatic reactions, several of which relate to the methylation cycle. As with any supplementation in the context of a diagnosed genetic variant, decisions should be guided by a clinician familiar with your full health picture.

Does magnesium glycinate cause vivid dreams?

A notable number of people report more vivid or memorable dreams when starting magnesium glycinate, particularly in the first week or two. This is commonly described as a neutral-to-positive side effect; the specific mechanism is not well-established in published research. (Note: Held et al. 2002 found magnesium increased slow-wave sleep but did NOT significantly alter REM sleep.) For most people the experience normalises within a few weeks. If vivid dreams are disruptive, reducing the dose temporarily is a reasonable first step before discontinuing entirely.

Is there a best magnesium glycinate for women specifically?

The core criteria for form and dose are the same regardless of sex. Some products are marketed "for women" with added ingredients such as vitamin B6 or ashwagandha. Whether those additions are useful depends on your specific goals. For straightforward sleep and nervous system support, a clean bisglycinate supplement at 200-275mg elemental magnesium is appropriate for adults regardless of sex. Magnesium needs increase during pregnancy, which warrants a separate discussion with a healthcare provider.

Does magnesium glycinate interact with prescription sleep medications?

Magnesium glycinate works through different pathways than most prescription sleep medications and does not appear to have significant direct pharmacokinetic interactions with common options such as zolpidem or low-dose doxepin. That said, combining any supplement with prescription sleep medications should be discussed with the prescribing doctor. Both act on the nervous system, and the combined calming effect could be more pronounced than expected in some individuals.

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Sources

• Abbasi B, Kimiagar M, Sadeghniiat K, Shirazi MM, Hedayati M, Rashidkhani B. (2012). The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. PMID: 23853635

• Bannai M, Kawai N. (2012). New therapeutic strategy for amino acid medicine: glycine improves the quality of sleep. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. PMID: 22293292

• Boyle NB, Lawton C, Dye L. (2017). The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress — A Systematic Review. Nutrients 9(5):429. PMID: 28445426; DOI: 10.3390/nu9050429

• Held K, Antonijevic IA, Künzel H, Uhr M, Wetter TC, Golly IC, Steiger A, Murck H. (2002). Oral Mg²⁺ Supplementation Reverses Age-Related Neuroendocrine and Sleep EEG Changes in Humans. Pharmacopsychiatry 35(4):135–143. PMID: 12163983

• Ranade VV, Somberg JC. (2001). Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of magnesium after administration of magnesium salts to humans. American Journal of Therapeutics 8(5):345–357. PMID: 11550076

• Schuette SA, Lashner BA, Janghorbani M. (1994). Bioavailability of magnesium diglycinate vs magnesium oxide in patients with ileal resection. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 18(5):430–435. PMID: 7815675

• National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/

• National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Consumers. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-Consumer/